Immunization helps protect against disease through vaccination. It is a simple and safe way to reduce the severity of and protect against disease for yourself and others. Vaccination, getting a vaccine, provides a blueprint for our immune system to learn how to fight against disease. A killed form of the virus or bacteria that causes the disease is introduced to create antigens, which your body uses to fight off infection. The viral and bacterial cells have been weakened or killed so they cannot infect you, but your immune cells can still learn to create antibodies that will fight off disease. It is usually given by injection but can be administered orally or nasally as well in some cases- like the nasal flu shot.
There are few different kinds of vaccines. Newer kinds, like mRNA vaccines can teach your body to fight off the illness without dead viral or bacterial cells. It only uses the messenger RNA from their cell to teach your immune system how to fight it off. It degrades quickly and cannot be absorbed or integrated into your own RNA or DNA.
Immunization is especially important for those who are at risk of complications like seniors, children and those with chronic health conditions. Immunization of the general population helps protect everyone- especially those who may be too young for a specific vaccination or are allergic to an ingredient.
Reactions like fatigue and soreness, redness, swelling at the injection site are normal. It is a sign that your body is building immunity against the disease.
Immunization is a personal choice and is just one part of keeping yourself and those around you healthy. Handwashing, covering your face when coughing or sneezing, wearing a mask when ill and staying hydrated are also good ways to reduce risk of infection. For more information on how immunization is an important tool for good health, talk to your healthcare provider.
Resources
Infection Prevention and Control Canada
Health Canada- Vaccines and immunization